I managed to get the visualization going:
The issue seems to be that cadquery bundles an outdated version of vtk, which ends up conflicting with the vtk that pyvista uses as a dependency (cadquery and vtk compatibility · Issue #23 · CadQuery/ocp-build-system · GitHub). Playing with the order the dependencies are resolved in the requirements.txt seems to do the trick.
Would you open an issue in the stpyvista repository to get this properly documented?
A related post with instructions on installing cadquery and pyvista: